Because opinion polls do not reveal people’s constrained wants, it is illegitimate to use polls to guide government policy-making. But what are elections if not polls? In elections as in polls, no individual’s vote determines policy outcomes. Therefore, voters typically vote with less prudence and shrewdness.

Self-resourcing means examining what you know, who you know and what’s at your disposal to utilize in value creation: what knowledge, which relationships, which assets that you own, including your own thinking processes as well as productive resources like computers, phones, and software. We’ve all got immense resources at our disposal. There’s a supercomputer in every pocket, and a super idea in every mind.

If we want to maintain a free society, we have to take the money monopoly away from the government. This process has already begun and it can no longer be stopped, neither by mandate, nor by force.

Without the assurance of anonymity and independence from governments and institutions, it becomes very difficult to make the case for using a cryptocurrency over any conventional online payment system.

One of the most beneficial things anyone can do to help move humanity in a sane direction is to develop a deep, visceral understanding of and respect for the concept of sovereignty. Let this deep understanding inform your life, then let that understanding bleed out into the world.

Overall, it would appear that Germany acts as the string that keeps the bloc together and should it break, multiple challenges could surface, threatening the future of the Eurozone and the cohesion of the EU.

Human Action provided an entirely new and superb structure of correct economic methodology and theory. It is the most important book on economics of the twentieth century and quite possibly the most important book in economics, period.

The more narrowly you can define your customer, the easier it will be to understand his or her needs and deliver relative value. If you offer enough value, you can charge a high enough price to cover your associated costs. In other words, narrow is lucrative when it comes to business.

It is the entrepreneur who imagines the better future that consumers wish for, and, in the pursuit of profit, finds a way to deliver it by refreshing capital and putting it to new uses. No other system has this capability.

The bureaucrats are not as incompetent as the politicians. They will get their man, or woman. They will extract their pound of flesh, plus a fine for late payment. They will spy and surveil, they will threaten and lie in court, they will prosecute and fine. They are now our rulers.

The Yellow Vests might contain individuals with all kinds of political inclinations, but as a whole, the movement remains apolitical, and if anything, suspicious and hostile to the political class in its entirety.

After four months of debate and compromise in the 1787 sweltering heat of Independence Hall, Publius published 77 essays in New York City newspapers to sell Americans on the idea of ratifying the new Constitution. It is the most enduring achievement of the Enlightenment, and under its decentralized structure, it has proven itself to be the example for human flourishing throughout the world.

If we want to maintain a free society, we have to rebuild democracy and take the money monopoly from the government. Today, we are standing at the precipice of such a revolution. Much like the paradigm shift and massively disruptive effects of the internet in the 90s, blockchain applications and cryptocurrencies have the potential to break and rebuild the current system.

John Locke had a precise sense of what political freedom means. Natural law dictates that no one can be legitimately subject to the will of another person or group of people. Through reason, Locke proved that no one is born to serve or rule. Legitimate government protects these rights, and is created by the consent of the governed. As the Enlightenment flowered in the 18th century because of modern science and maritime trade, Locke's sense of natural law was enshrined in America's Declaration of Independence.

Let's hope government is shut down at least through 2020. This way there’s no growth in government. Congress and the White House both lose, but those of us not in government win, especially the investors and entrepreneurs who can get on with the business of creating prosperity and growth.

St. Thomas Aquinas combined the classical Greek ideal of reason with the Christian ideal of equality to usher the Catholic Church, and humanity, into the Age of Reason. Metaphorically, he invented water - what we know as the Western ideals of personal liberty, self-reliance, invention, tolerance, and limited government. The ensuing prosperity from human creativity is Poetic Justice.

The future of innovation lies squarely in the initiatives of the independent, interconnected entrepreneur. As new technologies like A.I. and global idea exchange platforms augment individual capacity, the trend towards individually ideated innovation will accelerate.

The socialist program for the U.S. would make shortages, or otherwise degrade quality, of whatever product or service is put under a public monopoly. The pace of innovation would slow, and living standards generally would be lower. These are the opportunity costs of socialism from a modern American perspective.

Ayn Rand is one of the most admired and reviled characters in 20th century literature. Her magnum opus novel, Atlas Shrugged was panned by conservatives and progressives alike, yet it had something for everyone. A strong female lead character, a pollution free motor, heroic characters, good and evil, a love story, and a thriller. It was a manifesto for Man's right to life, liberty and property - capitalism. A modern epic tale of America's Declaration of Independence, a prophecy of a dystopian future, and the recipe to avoid what actually happened to her native Russia.

The European project, the common currency and the Brussels bureaucracy will definitely not be able to sustain the blow of another exit, especially if it’s Italy that decides to leave.

"The most important period of life is from birth to age six." This quote from Maria Montessori underscores how essential it is for a young child to have engaged parents who live a life of reason, purpose, and pride. Our government schools and public universities are graduating too many future parents who have never heard of this, and eventually rely on these same schools to also act as parents. It has been going on for 50 years. It has to end.

“It can’t happen to me”, “this would never happen here” and “the government would never allow things to get that bad”, are arguably thoughts that some Venezuelans had too before the crisis spiralled out of control. In 2001, not that long ago, the country was still amongst the most prosperous nations in Latin America; or at least it appeared that way.

Chicago is proof that there is almost nothing that government entities won’t try to tax. And if you’re a Chicago resident, you might want to think twice before asking Santa for a PlayStation 4 this year, lest you have to deal with the city’s amusement tax.

According to Gallup, only 13% of people worldwide say they are engaged in their jobs - they find their work meaningful and look forward to it. Maybe this whole jobs thing might not be working too well. Innovation For Jobs (i4j) is aiming to create a new paradigm.

The whine about the wealth of the billionaire class “impoverishing millions of blue collar workers” is a total falsehood. If the common man were impoverished by the billionaires, there would be no billionaires. The shares of Microsoft, Amazon, Apple and Facebook would be in freefall to reflect the rising impoverishment of their customers and users. The common man is not only not impoverished, but is actually doing very well.

Apparently the most financially and ethically bankrupt regions of America are high-output and forward looking populations centers that deserve greater political power. The Brookings Institute is using GDP data and Bachelor Degrees to justify their attack on the US Constitution. They refuse to acknowledge that it is the American federalist system that is fundamental to peaceful human progress.

One very unequal man transformed a town and a university in ways that will pay handsome dividends for a very long time for hundreds of thousands of people. Isaac Newton surely had people like Swinney in mind when he made his “standing on the shoulders of giants” remark.

While many teens find independence through traditional entry-level jobs, like working at fast food restaurants or retail establishments, there are many opportunities for young people to become entrepreneurs even at a young age.

Capitalism might often get a bad name, but companies like MOD Pizza and many others are proving that when the free market gives back, almost everybody wins.

Barra gets it backwards. If she wants the “United States” to “lead this transformation” of passenger cars, she should be calling for the “United States” to step aside so that individuals backed by profit-hungry investors can place countless bets on the future of transportation.

Many economists make the mistake of looking at economics in terms of the collective, forgetting that the individual is the basis for which all things are possible. And that groups of people are, in reality, not a tangible unit of measurement.

Government schooling has been failing children for years. However, since it is funded through tax dollars, rather than being a product of the market, it is incredibly difficult to keep public schools, and public teachers, accountable. This is precisely why many parents have begun considering other options that are better suited to their children’s educational needs.

Hayek hoped we would reject calls for tribal loyalty - what the politicians and talking heads on TV News broadcasts have attempted to frame as "unity" - and, instead, pursue our individual ends, defined by our unique needs and life circumstances. He conceived of a system that relies on general rules of conduct, based on personal morality. But many fail to comprehend how such a system works for everyone.

Technological advances in automating work are not going to put everyone on the dole. If they were to do so, there'd be nothing in it for tech entrepreneurs.

Say invented the term "entrepreneur". He advocated for the role of the producer, because producers create markets. If we all devoted more of our energies to the production of goods and services that others find valuable, rather than to our own consumption, we'd drive the market system to even higher levels of betterment for all. "Pick Up The Torch Of Say's Law!"

What is really disturbing is not the fact that some have lower income than others, but rather that some have very little. Fortunately, this is where capitalism enters the scene. Our chart paints the spectacular reduction in global extreme poverty over the last few decades.

Each innovation increases our labor productivity, meaning we can do more work more efficiently, reaching our desired standard of living along the way. For entrepreneurs, the latest wave of automation presents new opportunities to disrupt the economy and create a brighter future for everyone.

The regulatory state goblins are canvassing the neighborhood of private interests with interesting and creative legal angles this Halloween season. And the regulators never bear any of the risks or costs of their laws and lawsuits, regardless of how inane. Their message is clear, don't invest in our regulatory targets.

Entrepreneurs expect to make mistakes. But what they don't want to do is damn their companies by making two fatal errors at the beginning of the journey. Those blunders fall into the categories of selective hearing and impulsivity.

So instead of mourning the loss of Sears, let us celebrate how lucky we are to live in a world where the market is constantly evolving and allowing consumers access to better goods and services. 

Now, every time a woman is asked to serve on a board of directors, she will wonder whether she is being chosen based on her skills, or because the company in question wants to avoid having to pay a government fine. This is not gender equality.

The Federal Reserve's sacred 2% inflation target is now supported by a 2% Fed Funds rate. Unfortunately the 2% GDP growth new normal isn't playing nice, coming in at 4%. Innovation and economic freedom are the fly in the econometric ointment.

“Someone” must be to blame for unequal distribution of incomes. Therefore, they must be punished. Their property must be involuntarily transferred to others.

Americans are more inclined to found companies than the people of other countries and are also better at turning small companies into giant ones. The U.S. was the first country to make it easy to create companies without going cap in hand to local bureaucrats who had a right to tell them what to do.

The Nobel Prize confers on an individual an authority which in economics no man ought to possess.

Pretending to use concepts of justice to limit individual achievement Is simply the ideology of socialism: to achieve total control over society because the governing elites believe it is in their power to design and determine future outcomes.

Economists should hang their heads in shame. They believe that economic growth causes inflation. Such a view isn’t serious, and is more realistically dangerous. Inflation is easily the greatest enemy of growth.

To put America back on a prosperous path that would also potentially lead to lower recidivism rates, it is imperative that we remove barriers to opportunity and reform occupational licensing laws so that those who are willing to work are able to do so.

One thing is for certain, however, no matter how many fines and regulations are instituted, the incentive to earn money overpowers the threat of government force. And Miami Beach residents are proving that the sharing economy market will not be stopped.

The federal government does not think consumers are capable of making informed decisions, or so its labeling policies would imply.

In 2016, Washington residents voted to increase the minimum wage incrementally from $9.47 an hour to $13.50 an hour by 2020. For Advent Lutheran Child Center in Spokane Valley, the minimum wage increase meant an inevitable increase in tuition costs, which has left many parents shocked and concerned.

Entrepreneurs will find ways to disrupt every industry -- it’s simply a matter of time. The lingering question is whether organizations will embrace the evolution or fight tooth and nail to avoid change. Disruption might be an inevitability, but industries that stubbornly stick to the old way of doing things are only making the process more painful.

The word entrepreneur is thrown around a lot in casual conversation. But do most of us really understand what it means?

So next time you find yourself stepping on a stray Lego left on the floor, pause before getting angry, and think about the journey that little brick has gone through to get from Billund, Denmark to the floor of our American homes. By constantly striving for excellence, utilizing specialization, and becoming creative storytellers, Lego has proven itself relevant in the digital era. 

Liberal, freedom, justice, and value add up to capitalism. This equation will easily repel another ill conceived coup spearheaded by JUST Capital, their banker Goldman Sachs, and their sanctimonious board of directors.

Any system that allows the state to determine whose life is more valuable than others should be avoided at all costs. Jim Carrey would do well to think twice before praising a socialized medicine in the future.

Sen. Bernie Sanders recently claimed that the increase in wages last year “nets out to zero” because of inflation and that “the average American worker today, despite the strong economy, is not getting ahead.” He's wrong.

Riverton, Utah just became the first city to abolish all fees associated with obtaining a business license.

The realization that the world is often quite different from what is presented in our leading newspapers and magazines is not an easy conclusion for most educated Americans to accept.

While both schooling and increased job competition with immigrants both played negligible roles, the latter playing a slightly bigger role than the former, the main culprit was the minimum wage.

Trade wars are nasty games where nobody wins and everybody loses. Trump should put a stop to this before more entrepreneurs, consumers, and charities suffer needlessly.

When personal property becomes capital, a source of income, then the obvious implication is a decentralization of capital ownership.

Successful high achievers who feel like frauds are experiencing the Impostor Syndrome. Conversely, frauds who believe themselves worthy of dominion over others are immune from this condition. In both cases, this unhealthy self-awareness can have debilitating effects on societies.

Thanks to the affordability of products like smartphones and tablets and cheap services like Netflix and iTunes, justice has been able to prevail in spite of our broken criminal justice system.

Power is a devastatingly addictive device. Once a person becomes consumed by the quest for power, individuals become nothing more than pawns to be sacrificed in the name of maintaining order and control.

Controlling the linguistic territory is the first objective toward authoritarian dominance, and it quickly worms its way into economics and finance. After all, economics is about life's values. Now, value investing has been commandeered and redefined as creating value for the future of humankind. It is a categorical imperative. It is a duty.

The best way to combat bad ideas is with good ideas. And by allowing a plethora of different opinions to be circulated on social media, you give individuals the opportunity to judge the merits of each opinion and ultimately make their own decision.

Everyone is familiar with the saying, “Give a man a fish, and you feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish, and you feed him for a lifetime.” Yet, as much as we have oft heard this phrase recited, few of us actually make use of this wisdom.

But by understanding the root causes of a historical crisis as severe as the Great Depression, we stand a better chance at recognizing the potential for similar events to occur today. And if we know what warning signs to look for, we also stand a better chance at preventing future economic crises from occurring altogether.

Freedom and the free enterprise economy need to find their own intellectuals who can escape 19th century socialist ideas, and make the application of technology to help the weakest in a free society once more an intellectual adventure, and a deed of courage.

Toys R Us isn’t likely to be the last brick and mortar casualty of the virtual revolution. But we needn’t be discouraged by these changes. The market will always evolve and change to meet the needs of consumers. And while jobs might be temporarily lost, new jobs will always be created as part of the market process.

By treating health care as a mass product, Shetty has been able to increase the quality of care, while making it financially accessible to a wider range of people. Instead of looking to government to fix our health care system, we should be looking to innovators like Dr. Devi Shetty.

The American people are not united on much these days, or so it would seem. However, if you wanted to give Americans a reason to unite against their leader, threatening their Amazon Prime accounts would be a surefire way.

Calling owner-managers of very small businesses “self-employed” is doing all of society a disservice. Employment is the assignment to carry out specific tasks (or produce a set of fairly standardized outcomes) within an existing business. Entrepreneurs must create value. They can't offer standardized goods or services in a standard way.

We've been persuaded to think of Silicon Valley as a pinnacle of innovative technologies and the home of the leaders of the tech revolution. George Gilder thinks they're delusional and will soon be replaced.

The Tour de France is more than a sporting spectacle. It features real life examples of the things that matter for human flourishing such as teamwork, specialization, and the thinking that leads to long-term peace and prosperity.

Kids are not going to be able to relate to terms like time preference and opportunity cost. The words aren't right for them. And the concepts are too abstract. They need to be clearly grounded in a world that kids understand. A different creative strategy is needed. Enter The Tuttle Twins.

Wikipedia has become a staple in each of our lives. No matter what information we may be in search of, Wikipedia either provides what we are looking for or offers a great launching off point to further research. And while most of us routinely use the site to aid us on our quest for knowledge, few know that the site was born out of a deep respect for the work of economist, F.A. Hayek. 

“What do I know?” Today, you can answer: I am a person with access to any knowledge I need and to tools of immense power. I am networked to virtually everyone in the world, who can provide knowledge, resources, and collaboration on any issue. All resources are accessible to me.

By cutting off Cuba from the American market, we are feeding into the same rhetoric perpetrated by dictators past and present. The only way to encourage the liberation of Cuba is to show them that the market is the greatest liberator of all.  

We are losing the desire, the hunger, the sense of exploration and risk to make the world a better place. The energy comes from individual entrepreneurs, innovators, founders and researchers. The more we suppress such individualism, the more the decivilization process accelerates.

The inflow of investment funds creates valuable assets, such as more machines, more factories, and increased research and development. This raises the productivity of labor (causing wages to rise), improves work conditions, and generates greater output. Americans’ standard of living increases.

With such an abundance of words, the English language allows us the opportunity to better communicate our thoughts and feelings with others. Along those same lines, allowing for more options in a free and spontaneous marketplace allows consumers more options to better suit their personalized needs.

On paper, Raelee Nicholson would seem like the perfect candidate for a four-year college. Scoring in the 88th percentile on her college boards and receiving straight A’s in all of her honors courses, Nicholson is an excellent student. But as summer approaches and her years spent at her public high school in the south of Pittsburgh come to an end, Nicholson is not getting ready to start at a four-year university. In fact, she isn’t even planning on enrolling at a community college.

Grueling science has taught us that the relationship between space and time is like a flexible fabric that should be understood and appreciated. Science also teaches us that the relationship between creative minds and free markets is also a flexible fabric, but need not be so grueling to discover.

Without the hierarchical power of coercive government, policy-makers would have no policies to make, and there would be no wheeling and dealing with capital owners. The former would need to contribute to the economy rather than be a burden on it, and the latter would be strictly servants of consumers.

Friedrich Hayek believed that there will never be good money again until it is taken out of the hands of government. “All we can do is by some sly roundabout way introduce something that they can’t stop.”

Their plan is a "simple idea" that "could strengthen our economy, benefit working class Americans, reduce regulations, and protect our natural heritage." And it could give pigs wings, freeze hell, and invent water.

Before demonizing these garment factories, and throwing around the term, “sweatshop,” it is important to consider how they contribute to the lives of their workers. We need to judge these work environments by standards which may be foreign to our own. After all, most places are not as prosperous as America. 

Capitalism is best thought of as a system of co-ordination, bringing consumer demand and producer output into alignment. It’s a system of dynamic efficiency, using feedback to get better and better at service. Entrepreneurs who follow the collaboration metaphor are the ones who will succeed.

Every developed nation in the world at one time went through the transformation from predominantly informal, extralegal ownership to a formal, unified legal property system. In the West we've forgotten that creating this system is also what allowed people everywhere to leverage property into wealth.

Occupational licensing does nothing aside from benefitting established industries and adding to government coffers. But unfortunately, these permits regulate much of the workforce.

The sobering reality is that a person’s lot in life will be largely determined by these trades between current self and future self. As much as we like to blame others for our failure, the trades we make with ourselves are likely to be far more significant than outside circumstances or conditions.

Instead of arguing amongst each other and using hyperbole to further political agendas, the American people would be wise to realize that the mere existence of state power will always leave individuals open to an oppression that reeks of dystopia.

Currently, 19 states reserve the right to strip you of your occupational license if you default on your student loans. If you strip someone of their ability to work, you are not increasing the likelihood that they will pay the loan back. In fact, you are making it increasingly difficult to do so.

The expert plan for enhancing Velib bike-sharing has earned a lot of detractors and so it will get more expert planning. Iowa has earned a lot of fans for its hospitality, rolling terrain, and network of two lane paved roads. They were never planned for cycling and no one complains.

Unfortunately for those who see the state as the sole solution to every problem, they neglect to acknowledge the plethora of information that surrounds them daily, proving that just because the government does offer a service, doesn’t mean they should, nor does it mean they are the most competent at doing so.

While Millennials may have a warm regard for the fuzzy idea of social sharing, and while they may casually link that idea with socialism in their minds, they are failing to think clearly because they are neglecting to define their terms with precision.

What many fail to recognize is that spontaneous order not only exists in the marketplace, examples of it exist all around us in the real world. The following are five examples of spontaneous order appearing in everyday situations. 

While the workplace is a voluntary obligation, it is also one that is not immune to market demand. If organizations want to appeal and retain younger employees, they will need to adjust their models to meet the needs of individual employees.

According to research done by Marijuana Business Daily, 36 percent of the industry’s executive positions are held by women. On its face value this may not appear to be a giant leap forward for womankind, but when compared to other fields it becomes obvious that there is something truly unique about women in the marijuana industry.

Over the last decade, college tuition has risen over 40 percent across the board. With such a drastic increase in tuition, many students have turned to the government to subsidize their education costs. However, with the total amount of American student loan debt now surpassing the total amount of American credit card debt, there can be no denying that there is something seriously wrong with our system of higher education.

Entrepreneurship inspires while the government restrains. Those who want to work and create value should be allowed to do so without having to beg for the state’s permission.

The market is a liberator of all people, regardless of their circumstances. It exists to help all those who are willing to utilize it well.

For those of us sick of waiting on hold to speak to an IRS representative ever year, this is a game changer. Though it might not fully abolish the bitter feelings tax season arouses within us all, this is definitely an example of the free market making bureaucracy more tolerable.  

Not only does his decision to leave highlight Thiel’s own dedication to his work and his free market principles, it also highlights the absurdity of Silicon Valley.

The Entrepreneurial attitude is active management of your life path while bearing the future uncertainty, whether as business owner / founder or in another role. You will actively navigate your own career, making frequent changes and taking new pathways as you pursue new opportunities.

While many would applaud his drive and entrepreneurial spirit, the county has instead chosen to reprimand Chandler and his roommates for earning a living without first seeking the government’s permission.   

The idea that government can determine the opportunities for all, and especially that it can ensure that they are the same for all, is in conflict with the whole rationale of a free society.

Entrepreneurs should seek unique knowledge, make a unique benefit promise to customers, identify a niche that no-one else has identified, and generally be comfortable with being the only occupier of a commercial space. Initially they might be viewed as crazy or taking excessive risk or out on a limb.

The truth of the matter is, as Mises explains, that most socialists understand that liberalism, and thus capitalism, offers the best medium in which all people have the opportunity to flourish.

Taking responsibility, including moral and ethical responsibility as well as financial responsibility, for the downside risk of one’s entrepreneurial efforts is what holds society together. It is transparency and honesty and authenticity. It is the honorable life, the only one worth living.

Patreon has brought that same principle into the modern world. Now, independent journalist, writers, vloggers, and other artists are able to produce work while accepting funds from patrons who have a vested interest in the work. This has helped many make lucrative careers while pursuing what they love to do.

While the public education system has done much to disappoint many Americans over the years, it is no wonder that the millennial generation accustomed to choice in every aspect of their lives, favors more educational opportunities for their own children.

Capitalism has allowed wealth to be created while also creating abundant value in the lives of all those who reap the benefits of innovation: which is every single actor involved in the market process, both consumer and creator.

Entrepreneurs exercise a uniquely human form of imagination, based on unique knowledge that only they possess. They imagine a state of affairs that does not exist today, that they believe they can bring to fruition in the future as a result of their own actions. This is not the extrapolation of existing data. This is creativity

As Mises explains in Liberalism, the most impactful argument against war comes in the form of a basic economic principle from which we each benefit: the division of labor.

Progressives' goal is the entire reconstruction of society, and their views are a threat to civilization, says Hayek. Conservatives err when they try to maintain their own personal standing within the existing order without resisting this anti-civilizational crusade.

Unfortunately, under Trump’s vision, tyrannical foreign policy will continue, the drug war will continue, and those plagued by trauma run the risk of taking their own lives before the state allows them access to potentially lifesaving treatments.

There's a new measurement of economic activity called Gross Output. GO measures spending throughout the entire production process, at every entrepreneurial stage. This is consistent with economic growth theory – entrepreneurs drive growth.

In the market, the individual takes the risk to find out if the results of his or her efforts create value for others, both moral and commercial. Everyone does their best, and the preferences of consumers tell producers what to produce more of and less of.

If Trump wants to leave behind a legacy that promotes free market principles, he needs to adopt a consistent message across the board. And while he should definitely continue with the tax cuts, our economy can do without the rampant protectionism.

For those who do not wish to accumulate debt, and whose desired career fields do not require a degree, college is not the end all be all.

Instead of getting bogged down by failure because you were not able to fully cut sugar from your diet or because you failed to visit the gym as often as you had hoped, why not treat your own life like the market and celebrate failure as a tool for growth.

The emergent technologies of A.I., cloud computing, and global talent and commerce platforms will place increased demands on each of us to define our specialist value, specialist skills and specialist contribution in the interconnected global economy. These are the aptitudes required to meet those demands.

The more government involves itself in health care, the harder it becomes to find quality services at affordable prices. As the state has inserted itself more heavily into the health sector over the last several years, many Americans are left searching for alternatives to traditional services.

Spontaneous order is the happy result that emerges as the best outcome for all participants when there is no government, no hierarchy, no control and no central direction, just a few general rules that apply to everyone equally. When systems are left to operate under these conditions, order emerges. There's now a process that captures the concept: inverse design.

Digital entrepreneurs - "inno-mediaries" - are shaping markets as they create the new ways of developing, diffusing and using knowledge, and new ways to generate and promote innovation. They encourage new innovators to enter into the co-creation of innovation by enabling new practices through the use of diverse resources.

John Maynard Keynes and F.A. Hayek are two of the most controversial economic figures of the 20th century. Both made huge contributions to the field of economics and both stand in direct opposition to each other, which is one reason why they have presented such a fascinating juxtaposition over the last century.

As a Millennial, I will admit that I’ve never seen the original Miracle on 34thStreet. However, the 1994 remake of the film holds a special place in my heart. While watching the film again for the first time in almost 15 years, I realized something I had never noticed before: the film is a wonderful lesson in human action and the basic principles of free market economics.

The Road To Individualism will be signposted by new technologies, universally available to augment individual capability and open up individual opportunity.

In chapter 14 of The Road to Serfdom, “Material Conditions and Ideal Ends,” Hayek focuses on the path forward now that the Second World War was coming to an end. Specifically, he explains that calling on the state to coercively act in the name of the “greater good” is not a moral act worthy of praise.

Americans just want a better chance of achieving success themselves – they do not want redistributive government policies, they want ones that give everyone a fair shot at success, reflecting bedrock American belief in the individual’s ability to succeed through hard work.

In chapter 10 of The Road to Serfdom, Hayek describes how some of the worst people always end up rising to the top of the political heap. Continuing to touch on this theme in the eleventh chapter, Hayek digs even deeper and discusses the control of information and the very basis of truth in a planned society.

Our human brains do not seem to be able to understand or conceive of a system of emergent order for the social organization of the species. We insist on a linear vision of cause and effect, on hubristic processes of design, and on rigid authoritarian and hierarchical social structures.

In chapter ten of The Road to Serfdom, “Why the Worst Get on Top,” Hayek continues to warn about the dangers of planned economies, but with a slightly different approach from earlier chapters.

A brief list of helpful readings to guide you through the first half of F.A. Hayek's economic classic, The Road to Serfdom.